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Laying of submarine power and control cables of various sizes
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Laying of submarine power and control cables of various sizes
Prior to install a submarine cable is necessary to undertake a series of actions:
Choose the routing, using updated nautical maps.
Evaluate the geological conditions of the chosen routing.
Proceed to seabed identification, namely in what concerns bathymetry (depth), slope, existence of topographic incidents, lithology (seabed nature), environment conditions, such as saltiness, temperature and pH, and the dynamic movements that may exist at seabed (waves, sea currents, etc.) or that may affect it (tsunamis, volcanic activity, sludge currents, etc.).
Once the routing is chosen and all studies of seabed are completed, it is necessary to find if there any stretches were the cable needs to be buried (using a hydro jet burial machine) and to develop specific technologies to constantly survey the place where the cable is installed to avoid damages or cable loose.
Submarine cables is generally done by a cable laying ship.
Main characteristics of power submarine cables are:
Conductor: Copper or aluminum. In case that the conductors are going to be used in long depths and if requested the conductor is sealed with special material which prevents the water penetration in case of cable damage.
Insulation: XLPE, EPR or MIND (mass impregnated paper).
Screening: Copper wires or tapes and lead sheath where required.
Armoring: The protection of the cable from mechanical stresses is achieved by the armoring consisted of steel wires (for single core cables armoring must be of non-magnetic material – usually aluminum – to avoid overheating of armoring due to Foucault currents[2] – Joule effect), which provide also to the cables the required mechanical strength which during laying or pulling. The steel wires are of different categories of breaking load and they are heavily galvanized.
Outer protection: The outer protection of the cable, according to the conditions and requirements of the installation, is achieved by PVC or PE sheath and layers of polypropylene yarns or jute.
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